Peak data rate is the maximum theoretical or test-condition throughput that a radio system can deliver under specified assumptions. It depends on factors such as channel bandwidth, modulation, antenna configuration, signal quality and how many users share the radio resources.
Standards documents use peak-rate targets to compare future systems. The IMT-2030 framework discusses ambitious 6G capability ranges, but those figures are planning and evaluation targets. They are not forecasts that every phone will download data at that rate when commercial networks arrive.
Real users share capacity with other devices, encounter weak indoor signals and move through different radio conditions. Protocol overhead, backhaul limitations and application-server performance can reduce the speed seen in a practical download or speed test. The relevant measure for experience is often user-experienced data rate, not peak rate.
When a 6G headline quotes a very large number in gigabits per second, ask whether it is a framework target, a laboratory record, a simulation or a live-network measurement. Note the equipment and conditions before comparing it with 5G.