A dispositive motion asks a judge to resolve a claim, defense or issue in a way that can end some or all of the litigation without a full trial of that matter. Motions to dismiss and motions for summary judgment are common examples. Their legal tests differ, even though each can narrow what remains in dispute.
A motion to dismiss often challenges whether the complaint states a legally sufficient claim. A motion for summary judgment generally asks whether the evidence leaves a genuine dispute about material facts requiring trial. Each motion is supported by arguments, and often filings from the opposing side. Judges may grant, deny or partly grant them.
These motions matter in antitrust litigation because cases may contain multiple markets, defendants and theories of harm. A ruling might eliminate one claim while allowing others to proceed. The court may later conduct a trial or a separate remedies proceeding on the remaining issues.
When following coverage, identify which claims the motion addressed and the specific ruling. A party's request to end the case does not mean the judge agreed, and a partial decision should not be described as a complete victory or defeat.